AngularJS 2 has huge changes compared to the current generation. I personally think it should be named something other than AngularJS. A lot of people argue for and against the changes, or giving up on the framework completely.
Here is an example TodoMVC with a single component written in AngularJS 2
@Component({
  selector: 'todo-app',
  template: new TemplateConfig({
    url: '/todo.html'
  })
})
class TodoApp {
  todos;
  constructor() {
    this.todos = ['item 1', 'item 2'];
  }
}
The top part is just an annotation (the "A" in AtScript) and declared how the component instance
will be rendered (when the page uses <todo-app>, the component's template comes from file todo.html).
@Component({
  selector: 'todo-app',
  template: new TemplateConfig({
    url: '/todo.html'
  })
})
The bottom part is plain ES6 (in this case there are no dependency injection annotations)
class TodoApp {
  todos;
  constructor() {
    this.todos = ['item 1', 'item 2'];
  }
}
I like the clear separation between the template (using annotation) and the model (regular ES6 class). Makes the model much simpler to unit test. I will skip the template example, because the current template syntax right now looks crazy, and probably will change.
Learning resources
- From 1.3 to 2.0: Angular's Next Step
 - Thoughts on ngEurope and Angular2
 - All about Angular 2
 - Angular 2 status preview and other links
 
AngularJS 2 Todo app
AngularJS 2 libraries:
Short comparison between various languages doc
Interesting for comparing ES6 / AtScript using AngularJS 1.3:
- ES6 features lukehoban/es6features
 - angular 1.3 + ES6 modules angular-es6-seed
 - angular 1.3 + AtScript + ES6 modules angular-atscript-seed
 
Transitioning from 1.x to 2.0
There is no official guide yet, because v2 is not ready yet. A little bit of advice judging by the things that were removed:
- Read Preparing for the future of AngularJS
 - Do not use stand alone controller functions
 - Use custom directives with their own controller functions
 - Instead of scopes, use 
controller assyntax - Start using ES6 modules for structuring everything but the angular modules themselves
 - Learn and take advantage of new features in ES6 - there are lots of them. 
- Go through this online course
 - Start writing small pieces using ES6, see Playing with ES6 code
 - Play with 6to5 and traceur
 
 
Update 1
6to5 is now called Babel